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This course will introduce you to the basic concepts, principles and methods of physical chemistry that are used to characterize the properties of earth materials and to study equilibrium states and the direction of chemical and morphological transformations in earth systems.
By the end of the first part of the course you will understand the basic concepts of the classical macroscopic approach to equilibrium thermodynamics. You will be able to apply the related equations to calculate changes in state variables characterizing the systems upon (i) exchange of heat and work between the system and its surrounding, (ii) chemical reactions and (iii) mixing of constituents. Based on these you will be able to evaluate whether a system is in equilibrium, whether a process is reversible or irreversible and whether it can or cannot occur spontaneously. Also you will be able to apply the concepts to describe, understand, and predict phenomena in earth systems including: air movement in the atmosphere, formation of solid solutions, and mineral transformations during metamorphism.
In the second part of the course you will become familiar with the concepts of the microscopic approach to equilibrium thermodynamics, including basics of quantum and statistical mechanics. You will understand how and why material's internal energy, entropy and heat capacity depend on temperature, and will be able to calculate their values for a range of materials, including gases and simple solids, using only the microscopic properties of their atomic or molecular constituents.
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The course is organized in two parts. In the first part, the basic concepts of the classical macroscopic approach to equilibrium thermodynamics will be introduced. In the second part, a microscopic approach will be presented in order to understand the properties of materials and systems based on the knowledge of individual atoms and molecules and their interaction. Following topics will be discussed:
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Macroscopic approach
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Heat versus work
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The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
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Thermochemistry, Carnot Cycle, Entropy
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Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies
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Non-Electrolyte and Electrolyte Solutions
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Chemical Equilibrium
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Microscopic approach
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Atomic structure of materials
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Basics of quantum mechanics: structure of available energy levels
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Basics of statistical mechanics: micro- versus macro-states, equipartition theorem, Boltzmann's definition of entropy
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Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution
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Heat capacity of gases and solids
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• Basic knowledge in mathematical calculus
• Basic concepts in chemistry and physics |
| | Verplicht materiaalBoek| R. Chang (2000) Physical Chemistry for the Chemical and Biological Sciences (3rd ed.). University Science Books, Sausalito, CA. ISBN 1-891389-06-8 |
| Boek| L. Polerecky (2014), Introduction to statistical mechanics. Reading material for the course Fysische Chemie GEO2–1202. Available for download via Blackboard. |
| Artikelen| Additional reading material, which includes Earth Science applications, is available via Blackboard. Links posted during the course. |
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Aanbevolen materiaalArtikelen| You might also consider following the open courseware lectures offered by MIT or Yale university (links on Blackboard). |
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WerkvormenLecture
AlgemeenThe course is distributed over 10 weeks, with 8 contact hours each week. The contact hours are split between lectures (2x45 min, twice a week) and practicals (2x45 min, twice a weak). Additionally, you are expected to dedicate about 13 hours per week for self-study and solving homework assignments
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ToetsenEindresultaat| Weging | | 100 |
| Minimum cijfer | | - |
BeoordelingThe final grade is calculated from the result of the digital assignments and the grades of the two written prelims.
Conditions for passing the course are:
At least 5.5 on average in the two written prelims, and
at least 5.0 for each of the two written prelims, and
at least 5.0 in the digital assignments
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