In this course you will explore a range of advanced topics in modern astrophysics and cosmology. The course begins an introduction to stellar astrophysics covering classification of stellar spectra and the structure and evolution of stars.  This is followed by a study of stellar remnants: white dwarfs, pulsars and black holes.  Next we look at galaxy distribution and the large scale structure of the universe.  The origin of this structure is one of the aims of modern cosmology and this constitutes the central part of this course.  We review Friedmann models and show how they can incorporate the observational measurement that the present expansion of our universe is accelerating.  We cover in some detail the main stages of the Big-Bang model till the emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Next we see how the anisotropies on the CMB provide the seeds to the large scale structure of the universe and we discuss the possible origins of these anisotropies. In the last part of the course we study active galactic nuclei (AGN), their spectroscopy and likely link with quasars.  We conclude with AGN X-ray spectroscopy where you will learn general spectral analysis methods common to several areas in astrophysics and cosmology.